Research has shown that failure to comply with hand hygiene procedures at critical moments is the most dangerous for patient safety. For healthcare workers to comply with recognized critical moments in hand hygiene the system was simpli ed by the WHO, which identi ed the key moments which require hand hygiene. The critical moments identi ed in the patient room are justi ed simply by the fact this is where patients are at a very high risk of being contaminated by a healthcare worker's contaminated hands. Those timings inside the patient room are: